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`pygame.camera`
  pygame module for camera use

  Pygame currently supports Linux (V4L2) and Windows (MSMF) cameras natively, with wider platform support available via an integrated OpenCV backend.

  New in pygame 2.0.2: Windows native camera support

  New in pygame 2.0.3: New OpenCV backends

  EXPERIMENTAL!: This API may change or disappear in later pygame releases. If you use this, your code will very likely break with the next pygame release.

  The Bayer to `RGB` function is based on:

      Sonix SN9C101 based webcam basic I/F routines
      Copyright (C) 2004 Takafumi Mizuno <taka-qce@ls-a.jp>
      Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
      modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
      are met:
      1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
         notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
      2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
         notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
         documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
      THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
      ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
      IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
      ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
      FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
      DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
      OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
      HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
      LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
      OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
      SUCH DAMAGE.

  New in pygame 1.9.0.

  pygame.camera.init()
    Module init
    init(backend = None) -> None

    This function starts up the camera module, choosing the best webcam backend it can find for your system. This is not guaranteed to succeed, and may even attempt to import third party modules, like OpenCV. If you want to override its backend choice, you can call pass the name of the backend you want into this function. More about backends in `get_backends()`.

    Changed in pygame 2.0.3: Option to explicitly select backend

  pygame.camera.get_backends()
    Get the backends supported on this system
    get_backends() -> [str]

    This function returns every backend it thinks has a possibility of working on your system, in order of priority.

    pygame.camera Backends:

        Backend           OS        Description
        ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
        _camera (MSMF)    Windows   Builtin, works on Windows 8+ Python3
        _camera (V4L2)    Linux     Builtin
        OpenCV            Any       Uses `opencv-python` module, can't enumerate cameras
        OpenCV-Mac        Mac       Same as OpenCV, but has camera enumeration
        VideoCapture      Windows   Uses abandoned `VideoCapture` module, can't enumerate
                                    cameras, may be removed in the future

    There are two main differences among backends.

    The _camera backends are built in to pygame itself, and require no third party imports. All the other backends do. For the OpenCV and VideoCapture backends, those modules need to be installed on your system.

    The other big difference is "camera enumeration." Some backends don't have a way to list out camera names, or even the number of cameras on the system. In these cases, `list_cameras()` will return something like `[0]`. If you know you have multiple cameras on the system, these backend ports will pass through a "camera index number" through if you use that as the `device` parameter.

    New in pygame 2.0.3.

  pygame.camera.colorspace()
    Surface colorspace conversion
    colorspace(Surface, format, DestSurface = None) -> Surface

    Allows for conversion from "RGB" to a destination colorspace of "HSV" or "YUV". The source and destination surfaces must be the same size and pixel depth. This is useful for computer vision on devices with limited processing power. Capture as small of an image as possible, `transform.scale()` it even smaller, and then convert the colorspace to `YUV` or `HSV` before doing any processing on it.

  pygame.camera.list_cameras()
    returns a list of available cameras
    list_cameras() -> [cameras]

    Checks the computer for available cameras and returns a list of strings of camera names, ready to be fed into `pygame.camera.Camera` load a camera.

    If the camera backend doesn't support webcam enumeration, this will return something like `[0]`. See `get_backends()` for much more information.

  pygame.camera.Camera
    load a camera
    Camera(device, (width, height), format) -> Camera

    Loads a camera. On Linux, the device is typically something like "/dev/video0". Default width and height are 640 by 480. Format is the desired colorspace of the output. This is useful for computer vision purposes. The default is `RGB`. The following are supported:

    > - `RGB` - Red, Green, Blue

    > - `YUV` - Luma, Blue Chrominance, Red Chrominance

    > - `HSV` - Hue, Saturation, Value

    start()
      opens, initializes, and starts capturing
      start() -> None

      Opens the camera device, attempts to initialize it, and begins recording images to a buffer. The camera must be started before any of the below functions can be used.

    stop()
      stops, uninitializes, and closes the camera
      stop() -> None

      Stops recording, uninitializes the camera, and closes it. Once a camera is stopped, the below functions cannot be used until it is started again.

    get_controls()
      gets current values of user controls
      get_controls() -> (hflip = bool, vflip = bool, brightness)

      If the camera supports it, get_controls will return the current settings for horizontal and vertical image flip as bools and brightness as an int. If unsupported, it will return the default values of (0, 0, 0). Note that the return values here may be different than those returned by set_controls, though these are more likely to be correct.

    set_controls()
      changes camera settings if supported by the camera
      set_controls(hflip = bool, vflip = bool, brightness) -> (hflip = bool, vflip = bool, brightness)

      Allows you to change camera settings if the camera supports it. The return values will be the input values if the camera claims it succeeded or the values previously in use if not. Each argument is optional, and the desired one can be chosen by supplying the keyword, like hflip. Note that the actual settings being used by the camera may not be the same as those returned by set_controls. On Windows, `hflip` and `vflip` are implemented by pygame, not by the Camera, so they should always work, but `brightness` is unsupported.

    get_size()
      returns the dimensions of the images being recorded
      get_size() -> (width, height)

      Returns the current dimensions of the images being captured by the camera. This will return the actual size, which may be different than the one specified during initialization if the camera did not support that size.

    query_image()
      checks if a frame is ready
      query_image() -> bool

      If an image is ready to get, it returns true. Otherwise it returns false. Note that some webcams will always return False and will only queue a frame when called with a blocking function like `get_image()`. On Windows (MSMF), and the OpenCV backends, `query_image()` should be reliable, though. This is useful to separate the framerate of the game from that of the camera without having to use threading.

    get_image()
      captures an image as a Surface
      get_image(Surface = None) -> Surface

      Pulls an image off of the buffer as an `RGB` Surface. It can optionally reuse an existing Surface to save time. The bit-depth of the surface is 24 bits on Linux, 32 bits on Windows, or the same as the optionally supplied Surface.

    get_raw()
      returns an unmodified image as bytes
      get_raw() -> bytes

      Gets an image from a camera as a string in the native pixelformat of the camera. Useful for integration with other libraries. This returns a bytes object

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