Sentence complexity visualizer

Texts

    {% for text in texts %}
  1. {{ text }} {% endfor %}

Features

PP/REL modifiers
Prepositional phrases and relative clauses that are used as modifiers (i.e., grammatically optional).
Example PP modifier:
John eats pizza with a fork, Mary eats pizza with broccoli.
Example of non-modifying PP:
John believes in Mary ("in" is part of verb frame)
Example REL modifier:
This is not a book that should be tossed away lightly, it is to be hurled with great force.
Average dependency length
Average distance between words that are dependent on each other. Examples:
Simple dependency
big apple. big modifies apple (distance 0).
Longer dependency

Ending a sentence with a preposition is the sort of English up with which I will not put. (attributed, probably incorrectly, to Churchill)

"Ending" is dependent on "is" (distance 6); "sort" is dependent on "put" (distance 9).

Cf. Gibson (2000), The dependency locality theory: A distance-based theory of linguistic complexity.
D-level
A measure of sentence complexity based on work in developmental psychology.
  1. simple sentence
  2. non-finite clause with subject coindexed from main clause
  3. coordinated structure
  4. finite clause as objects (and equivalents)
  5. non-finite clause as object with overt subject
  6. subordinate clause
  7. a subordinate clause modifying the subject
  8. sentence with multiple subordinate clauses
See http://www.personal.psu.edu/xxl13/downloads/d-level.html
Direct speech
Matches sentences with direct speech punctuation.
Punctuation
Punctuation tokens; ordered (somewhat arbitrarily) as follows:
  1. period: .
  2. comma: ,
  3. quotation mark: '
  4. double quote: "
  5. question mark: ?
  6. exclamation mark: !
  7. parenthesis: (
  8. colon: :
  9. semicolon: ;
Rare words
Words that are not in the 20,000 most common words of a reference corpus (Sonar 500 million words). Names are not counted.