recipe

Recipe

exception recipe.BadIngredient[source]

Something is wrong with an ingredient

exception recipe.BadRecipe[source]

Something is wrong with a recipe

class recipe.Ingredient(**kwargs)[source]

Ingredients combine to make a SQLAlchemy query.

build_filter(value, operator=None)[source]

Builds a filter based on a supplied value and optional operator. If no operator is supplied an in filter will be used for a list and a eq filter if we get a scalar value

Parameters:
  • value (object) – The value to use in the filter
  • operator (str) – An operator to override the default interaction
cauldron_extras

Yield extra tuples containing a field name and a callable that takes a row

expression

An accessor for the sqlalchemy expression representing this Ingredient

make_column_suffixes()[source]

Make sure we have the right column suffixes. These will be appended to id when generating the query.

query_columns

Yield labeled columns to be used as a select in a query

class recipe.Dimension(expression, **kwargs)[source]

A simple dimension created from a single expression and optional id_expression

cauldron_extras

Yield extra tuples containing a field name and a callable that takes a row

id_prop

The label of this dimensions id in the query columns

make_column_suffixes()[source]

Make sure we have the right column suffixes. These will be appended to id when generating the query.

class recipe.LookupDimension(expression, lookup, **kwargs)[source]

Returns the expression value looked up in a lookup dictionary

class recipe.Metric(expression, **kwargs)[source]

A simple metric created from a single expression

class recipe.DivideMetric(numerator, denominator, **kwargs)[source]

A metric that divides a numerator by a denominator handling several possible error conditions

The default strategy is to add an small value to the denominator Passing ifzero allows you to give a different value if the denominator is zero.

class recipe.WtdAvgMetric(expression, weight_expression, **kwargs)[source]

A metric that generates the weighted average of a metric by a weight.

class recipe.Filter(expression, **kwargs)[source]

A simple filter created from a single expression.

expression

An accessor for the sqlalchemy expression representing this Ingredient

class recipe.Having(expression, **kwargs)[source]

A Having that limits results based on an aggregate boolean clause

expression

An accessor for the sqlalchemy expression representing this Ingredient

class recipe.Recipe(shelf=None, metrics=None, dimensions=None, filters=None, order_by=None, session=None, extension_classes=(), dynamic_extensions=None)[source]

A tool for getting data.

Parameters:
  • shelf (Shelf) – A shelf to use for shared metrics
  • metrics (list of str) – A list of metrics to use from the shelf. These can also be Metric objects.
  • dimensions (list of str) – A list of dimensions to use from the shelf. These can also be Dimension objects.
  • filters (list of str) – A list of filters to use from the shelf. These can also be Filter objects.
  • order_by (list of str) – A list of dimension or metric keys from the shelf to use for ordering. If prefixed by ‘-‘ the ordering will be descending.
  • session (Session)
  • extension_classes (list of RecipeExtension) – Extensions to apply to this recipe.
Returns:

A Recipe object.

all()[source]

Return a (potentially cached) list of result objects.

as_table(name=None)[source]

Return an alias to a table

dimensions(*dimensions)[source]

Add a list of Dimension ingredients to the query. These can either be Dimension objects or strings representing dimensions on the shelf.

The Dimension expression will be added to the query’s select statement and to the group_by.

Parameters:dimensions (list) – Dimensions to add to the recipe. Dimensions can either be keys on the shelf or Dimension objects
dirty

The recipe is dirty if it is flagged dirty or any extensions are flagged dirty

filters(*filters)[source]

Add a list of Filter ingredients to the query. These can either be Filter objects or strings representing filters on the service’s shelf. .filters() are additive, calling .filters() more than once will add to the list of filters being used by the recipe.

The Filter expression will be added to the query’s where clause

Parameters:filters (list) – Filters to add to the recipe. Filters can either be keys on the shelf or Filter objects
first()[source]

Return the first element on the result

classmethod from_config(shelf, obj, **kwargs)[source]

Construct a Recipe from a plain Python dictionary.

Most of the directives only support named ingredients, specified as strings, and looked up on the shelf. But filters can be specified as objects.

Additionally, each RecipeExtension can extract and handle data from the configuration.

limit(limit)[source]

Limit the number of rows returned from the database.

Parameters:limit (int) – The number of rows to return in the recipe. 0 will return all rows.
metrics(*metrics)[source]

Add a list of Metric ingredients to the query. These can either be Metric objects or strings representing metrics on the shelf.

The Metric expression will be added to the query’s select statement. The metric value is a property of each row of the result.

Parameters:metrics (list) – Metrics to add to the recipe. Metrics can either be keys on the shelf or Metric objects
offset(offset)[source]

Offset a number of rows before returning rows from the database.

Parameters:offset (int) – The number of rows to offset in the recipe. 0 will return from the first available row
one()[source]

Return the first element on the result

order_by(*order_bys)[source]

Add a list of ingredients to order by to the query. These can either be Dimension or Metric objects or strings representing order_bys on the shelf.

The Order_by expression will be added to the query’s order_by statement

Parameters:order_bys (list) – Order_bys to add to the recipe. Order_bys can either be keys on the shelf or Dimension or Metric objects. If the key is prefixed by “-” the ordering will be descending.
query()[source]

Generates a query using the ingredients supplied by the recipe.

Returns:A SQLAlchemy query
shelf(shelf=None)[source]

Defines a shelf to use for this recipe

subquery(name=None)[source]

The recipe’s query as a subquery suitable for use in joins or other queries.

to_sql()[source]

A string representation of the SQL this recipe will generate.

class recipe.Shelf(*args, **kwargs)[source]

Holds ingredients used by a recipe.

Can be initialized with no arguments, but also accepts: - a dictionary of ingredients as a positional argument - ingredients as keyword arguments

These keyword arguments have special meaning: :param select_from: The SQLALchemy-compatible object which will be queried

(usually a Table or ORM object).
Parameters:
  • table – Unused, but stored on the Meta attribute.
  • metadata – Unused, but stored on the Meta attribute.
brew_query_parts()[source]

Make columns, group_bys, filters, havings

dimension_ids

Return the Dimensions on this shelf in the order in which they were used.

enchant(list, cache_context=None)[source]

Add any calculated values to each row of a resultset generating a new namedtuple

Parameters:
  • list – a list of row results
  • cache_context – optional extra context for caching
Returns:

a list with ingredient.cauldron_extras added for all ingredients

filter_ids

Return the Metrics on this shelf in the order in which they were used.

find(obj, filter_to_class=<class 'recipe.ingredients.Ingredient'>, constructor=None)[source]

Find an Ingredient, optionally using the shelf.

Parameters:
  • obj – A string or Ingredient
  • filter_to_class – The Ingredient subclass that obj must be an instance of
  • constructor – An optional callable for building Ingredients from obj
Returns:

An Ingredient of subclass filter_to_class

classmethod from_config(obj, selectable, ingredient_constructor=<function ingredient_from_validated_dict>, metadata=None)[source]

Create a shelf using a dict shelf definition.

Parameters:
  • obj – A Python dictionary describing a Shelf.
  • selectable – A SQLAlchemy Table, a Recipe, a table name, or a SQLAlchemy join to select from.
  • metadata – If selectable is passed as a table name, then in order to introspect its schema, we must have the SQLAlchemy MetaData object to associate it with.
Returns:

A shelf that contains the ingredients defined in obj.

classmethod from_validated_yaml(yaml_str, selectable, **kwargs)[source]

Create a shelf using a yaml shelf definition.

Parameters:
  • yaml_str – A string containing yaml ingredient definitions.
  • selectable – A SQLAlchemy Table, a Recipe, or a SQLAlchemy

join to select from. :return: A shelf that contains the ingredients defined in yaml_str.

classmethod from_yaml(yaml_str, selectable, **kwargs)[source]

Create a shelf using a yaml shelf definition.

Parameters:
  • yaml_str – A string containing yaml ingredient definitions.
  • selectable – A SQLAlchemy Table, a Recipe, or a SQLAlchemy join to select from.
Returns:

A shelf that contains the ingredients defined in yaml_str.

ingredients()[source]

Return the ingredients in this shelf in a deterministic order

items()[source]

Return an iterator over the ingredient names and values.

metric_ids

Return the Metrics on this shelf in the order in which they were used.

pop(k, d=<object object>)[source]

Pop an ingredient off of this shelf.

values()[source]

Return an iterator over the ingredients.

recipe.AutomaticShelf(table)[source]

Given a SQLAlchemy Table, automatically generate a Shelf with metrics and dimensions based on its schema.

class recipe.Anonymize(*args, **kwargs)[source]

Allows recipes to be anonymized by adding an anonymize property This flips the anonymize flag on all Ingredients used in the recipe.

Injects an ingredient.meta._anonymize boolean property on each used ingredient.

AnonymizeRecipe should occur last

add_ingredients()[source]

Put the anonymizers in the last position of formatters

anonymize(value)[source]

Should this recipe be anonymized

class recipe.AutomaticFilters(*args, **kwargs)[source]

Automatic generation and addition of Filters to a recipe.

Automatic filters take a dictionary of keys and values. For each key in the dictionary, if the key is the id of a Dimension on the shelf, a filter will be added to the recipe containing the values.

apply_automatic_filters(value)[source]

Toggles whether automatic filters are applied to a recipe. The following will disable automatic filters for this recipe:

recipe.apply_automatic_filters(False)
automatic_filters(value)[source]

Sets a dictionary of automatic filters to apply to this recipe. If your recipe uses a shelf that has dimensions ‘state’ and ‘gender’ you could filter the data to Men in California and New Hampshire with:

shelf = Shelf({
    'state': Dimension(Census.state),
    'gender': Dimension(Census.gender),
    'population': Metric(func.sum(Census.population)),
})
recipe = Recipe(shelf=shelf)
recipe.dimensions('state').metrics('population').automatic_filters({
    'state': ['California', 'New Hampshire'],
    'gender': 'M'
})

Automatic filter keys can optionally include an operator.

List operators

If the value provided in the automatic_filter dictionary is a list, the following operators are available. The default operator is in:

in (default)
notin
between (requires a list of two items)

Scalar operators

If the value provided in the automatic_filter dictionary is a scalar (a string, integer, or number), the following operators are available. The default operator is eq:

eq (equal) (the default)
ne (not equal)
lt (less than)
lte (less than or equal)
gt (greater than)
gte (greater than or equal)

An example using operators

Here’s an example that filters to states that start with the letters A-C:

shelf = Shelf({
    'state': Dimension(Census.state),
    'gender': Dimension(Census.gender),
    'population': Metric(func.sum(Census.population)),
})
recipe = Recipe(shelf=shelf)
recipe.dimensions('state').metrics('population').automatic_filters({
    'state__lt': 'D'
})
exclude_automatic_filter_keys(*keys)[source]

A “blacklist” of automatic filter keys to exclude. The following will cause 'state' to be ignored if it is present in the automatic_filters dictionary.:

recipe.exclude_automatic_filter_keys('state')
include_automatic_filter_keys(*keys)[source]

A “whitelist” of automatic filter keys to use. The following will only use 'state' for automatic filters regardless of what is provided in the automatic_filters dictionary.:

recipe.include_automatic_filter_keys('state')
class recipe.BlendRecipe(*args, **kwargs)[source]

Add blend recipes, used for joining data from another table to a base table

Supply a second recipe with a different from Optionally supply join criteria, if no join criteria is provided join will be attempted using constraints. All ingredients from the blended recipe will be hoisted to the base recipe except for ingredients that are used for joins (they must be the same anyway).

Supports blend (inner) and full_blend (outer) joins.

blend(blend_recipe, join_base, join_blend)[source]

Blend a recipe into the base recipe. This performs an inner join of the blend_recipe to the base recipe’s SQL.

full_blend(blend_recipe, join_base, join_blend)[source]

Blend a recipe into the base recipe preserving values from both recipes.

This performs an outer join of the blend_recipe to the base recipe.

modify_postquery_parts(postquery_parts)[source]

Make the comparison recipe a subquery that is left joined to the base recipe using dimensions that are shared between the recipes.

Hoist the metric from the comparison recipe up to the base query while adding the suffix.

class recipe.CompareRecipe(*args, **kwargs)[source]

Add compare recipes, used for presenting comparative context vis-a-vis a base recipe.

Supply a second recipe with the same `from. Metrics from the second recipe will be hoisted to the base recipe and suffixed with a string (the default is “_compare” Dimensions will be used to match the base recipe to the compare recipe. Ordering from the base recipe is maintained.

compare(compare_recipe, suffix='_compare')[source]

Adds a comparison recipe to a base recipe.

modify_postquery_parts(postquery_parts)[source]

Make the comparison recipe a subquery that is left joined to the base recipe using dimensions that are shared between the recipes.

Hoist the metric from the comparison recipe up to the base query while adding the suffix.

class recipe.RecipeExtension(recipe)[source]

Recipe extensions plug into the recipe builder pattern and can modify the generated query.

The extension should mark itself as dirty if it has changes which change the current recipe results.

recipe generates a query in the following way

(RECIPE) recipe checks its dirty state and all extension dirty states to determine if the cached query needs to be regenerated

(EXTENSIONS) all extension add_ingredients run to inject ingredients directly on the recipe

(RECIPE) recipe runs gather_all_ingredients_into_cauldron to build a global lookup for ingredients

(RECIPE) recipe runs cauldron.brew_query_parts to gather sqlalchemy columns, group_bys and filters

(EXTENSIONS) all extension modify_recipe_parts(recipeparts) run to directly modify the collected sqlalchemy columns, group_bys or filters

(RECIPE) recipe builds a preliminary query with columns

(EXTENSIONS) all extension modify_prequery_parts(prequery_parts) run to modify the query

(RECIPE) recipe builds a full query with group_bys, order_bys, and filters.

(RECIPE) recipe tests that this query only uses a single from

(EXTENSIONS) all extension modify_postquery_parts( postquery_parts) run to modify the query

(RECIPE) recipe applies limits and offsets on the query

(RECIPE) recipe caches completed query and sets all dirty flags to False.

When the recipe fetches data the results will be enchanted to add fields to the result. RecipeExtensions can modify result rows with

enchant_add_fields: Return a tuple of field names to add to a result row

enchant_row(row): Return a tuple of field values for each row in results.

add_ingredients()[source]

Add ingredients to the recipe

This method should be overridden by subclasses

enchant_add_fields()[source]

This method allows extensions to add fields to a result row. Return a tuple of the field names that are being added with this method

enchant_row(row)[source]

This method adds the fields named in enchant_add_fields to each result row.

modify_postquery_parts(postquery_parts)[source]

This method allows extensions to directly modify query, group_bys, filters, and order_bys generated from collected ingredients after a final query using columns has been created.

modify_prequery_parts(prequery_parts)[source]

This method allows extensions to directly modify query, group_bys, filters, and order_bys generated from collected ingredients after a preliminary query using columns has been created.

modify_recipe_parts(recipe_parts)[source]

Modify sqlalchemy components of the query

This method allows extensions to directly modify columns, group_bys, filters, and order_bys generated from collected ingredients.

class recipe.FakerAnonymizer(format_str, locale='en_US', postprocessor=None, providers=None)[source]

Returns a deterministically generated fake value that depends on the input value.